![]() In the later 1960s, the organization reached its peak and gained 2000 members and it operated in many major American cities. Eventually, they devolved into a group that called for the joining of all African Americans. The organization immediately sought to set itself apart from African American cultural nationalist organizations like Universal Negro Improvement Association. This was a black power political organization originally made for self-defense and patrolling African American neighborhoods to protect residents from police brutality. In 1966 the Black Panther Party (BPP) was created by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P Newton. She then became the "mother of the modern day civil rights movement" When a white man got on the bus and couldn’t find a seat in the white section at the front of the bus, the bus driver instructed Rosa and three other Black passengers to give up their seats. Segregation laws at the time stated Black passengers must sit in designated seats at the back of the bus, and Rosa Parks had complied. On December 1st 1955, a 42-year-old woman named Rosa Parks found a seat on a bus after work. It opened national defense jobs and other government jobs to all Americans regardless of race, colour or national origin. After thousands of Black people threatened to march on Washington to demand equal employment rights, President Franklin D Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 on June 25, 1941. Jim Crow laws weren’t enforced in northern states, however Black people still experienced discrimination at their jobs or when they tried to buy a house or get an education. Interracial marriage was illegal, and most Black people couldn’t vote because they were unable to pass voter literacy tests. Black people couldn’t use the same public facilities as white people, live in many of the same towns or go to the same schools. To marginalize Black people, keep them separate from white people and erase the progress they’d made during Reconstruction, “Jim Crows” laws were established in the South. Still, many white Americans, especially those in the South, were unhappy that people they’d once enslaved were now on a more-or-less equal playing field. In 1870, the 15th Amendment granted Black American men the right to vote. In 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution gave Black people equal protection under the law. It was led by people like Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, Rosa Parks and many others. ![]() ![]() The civil war officially abolished slavery but this ddint put an end to discrimination. The civil rights movement began during the 1950s and 1960s, for black Americans to gain equal rights under law in America.
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